Energy-Efficient Hybrid Routing Protocol to Extend the Network Lifetime in IoT Applications

Abstract

A Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) is made up of several inexpensive, low-power, compact sensor nodes that are densely placed across the monitoring area. Wireless connection creates a multi-hop wireless network system. WSN is particularly well suited for deployment in harsh environments and remote monitoring locations that are not suitable for personnel. It has significant advantages like a large coverage area and broad application prospects in the fields of military, environmental monitoring, industrial control, and urban transportation. IoT-enabled networks, however, suffer a variety of difficulties because of the enormous heterogeneous data generated by many sensing devices, including long communication delays, limited throughput, and short network lifetimes. In this study, a hybrid cluster-based routing protocol model is suggested that makes use of the advantages of both butterfly and particle swarm optimization methods. The suggested approach splits the network into many clusters and chooses the best node as the cluster leader to exacerbate the network's premature demise. The typical cluster-based routing protocols PSO and BOA are assessed using simulation results in terms of the quantity of alive nodes, throughput, and remaining energy of the nodes.