Landslide-Based Early Warning using Wi-Fi and LoRa Technology

Abstract

Disaster can be defined into two types: natural and human-made. Landslide disaster is one of the disasters that frequently occur in Malaysia due to the country being in a tropical climate with enormous rainfall intensity. Many reasons can make the landslide happen, such as soil movement and heavy rain. The landslide monitoring system is essential for reducing and preventing the damage of landslides. With the help of a wireless sensor network (WSN), it is possible to create a landslide monitoring system to provide early warning. However, the existing system has a limited range, and the current system does not notify people immediately. This paper proposes a low-cost landslide early warning besides creating a system that can monitor the soil's movement, vibration, and moisture in real-time using the LoRa (Long Range) technology. Three sensors, a vibration sensor, soil moisture sensor, and accelerometer sensor (MPU6050), are connected to the Arduino UNO. The data collected by Arduino is then sent through the LoRa module. The data that has been collected will be received by another Arduino UNO that was equipped with another LoRa module and Wi-Fi shield. The Arduino will analyse the data, and the result will then be sent to the Blynk application via IoT for real-time monitoring. From the result, the maximum range that LoRa can tolerate in the countryside area is 300 meters. With the distance between devices, the maximum RSSI level is -130 dBm, and the average delay between the LoRa transmitter to the LoRa receiver at 100 meters is 0.0514 seconds.