State of battery charge estimation techniques and management systems for electric vehicle using sodiumion batteries

Abstract

 By keeping tabs on and regulating the charging and discharging of the batteries in an electric vehicle, battery management systems (BMS) help keep costs down. A battery's safety, dependability, and longevity can all be improved by a management system that prevents the battery from entering a destructive, older-battery state. Battery, voltage, current, and environmental temperature are all monitored in various ways to keep them in optimal condition. Numerous analogue and digital sensors coupled with microcontrollers are employed for keeping tabs. The BMS is there to make sure your batteries always work properly and safely. In a system, it is utilised to boost battery performance while keeping everything secure. Battery maximum capacity, charge level, and health are discussed, along with their respective characteristics. The challenges of the future, as well as potential answers, can be gleaned through a comprehensive examination of various approaches.